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Browsing: Region
US military bases in the Gulf states: Between regional security equations and sovereignty challenges
The deployment of US military forces in the Arabian Gulf has constituted a defining feature of the regional security architecture since the final decade of the twentieth century. As the Middle East’s geopolitical environment has grown increasingly complex, American military bases have become a central component in the regional balance of deterrence and stability within a geographic space of exceptional strategic and economic significance. The geostrategic importance of the Arabian Gulf extends beyond its vast hydrocarbon reserves—among the largest globally—to include its controlling position over the Strait of Hormuz, one of the most vital maritime chokepoints in the international energy trade. Accordingly, the American military presence was never a temporary tactical arrangement; rather, it crystallized gradually into an integral component of a broader strategic approach aimed at managing regional equilibria and safeguarding global economic interests.Challenges Arising from the Military PresenceDespite its stabilizing intent, this security arrangement generates a complex set of political and strategic dilemmas. The presence of foreign military bases in a region characterized by persistent security tensions is liable to draw host nations indirectly into the dynamics of regional and international conflict. This dynamic has become particularly visible during the recent confrontation between the United States and Israel on one side and the Islamic Republic of Iran on the other, which has led to massive Iranian ballistic missile and drone attacks on Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Oman. Tehran claims that it is targeting its Gulf neighbors because these countries host American military installations, despite their own lack of direct involvement in combat operations. Moreover, these states have consistently and categorically prohibited the use of their territories as launchpads for offensive military actions against Iran, adhering to a deliberate policy designed to avoid direct engagement in the conflict. Nevertheless, they continue to find themselves at the center of regional escalations simply because of their geographic location and security partnerships. Historical Context of the American Military PresenceThe roots of the American military presence in the Gulf can be traced back to the structural transformations that reshaped the region beginning in the late 1970s. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 brought down one of Washington's most important strategic allies in the Middle East, creating a significant vacuum in its regional security architecture and a need for a new arrangement. However, the decisive expansion of the US military footprint occurred in the aftermath of Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990. This crisis fundamentally altered the Gulf security order and reinforced the conviction among regional states that the nature and magnitude of regional threats could exceed their own defense capabilities.In the years that followed, the United States steadily expanded its network of military installations, establishing air, naval, and ground facilities across several member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which itself was formed in the wake of the Iranian revolution.Strategic and Economic Dimensions of the Security PartnershipInternationally, available estimates indicate that the United States maintains military bases in approximately 80 countries—typically through bilateral defense arrangements based on mutual interests. For the Gulf states, this military presence represents one of the most effective instruments of strategic deterrence against regional threats, particularly given the chronic state of tension with Iran. These bases provide more than a conventional security umbrella, however; they also offer access to advanced defense systems, intelligence capabilities, and military technologies that would be exceedingly difficult to develop independently. Furthermore, the military partnership with the US contributes to the institutional enhancement of the Gulf armed forces through joint exercises, operational coordination, and intelligence sharing. Economically, the stability underpinned by this security architecture not only ensures the uninterrupted flow of energy supplies and the steadiness of global markets—an essential factor for Gulf economies whose revenues remain heavily dependent on hydrocarbon exports—but plays a pivotal role in the diversification of Gulf economies away from hydrocarbons, by allowing them to attract capital and talent for other sectors. The Normative Paradox in Iranian DiscourseThese bases are not without controversy, however, especially within Iranian political discourse. Yet within the ongoing debate over the legitimacy of foreign military bases in the region, a striking normative paradox emerges in Iran’s own position. While Tehran consistently condemns the foreign military presence in the Gulf as an infringement upon regional sovereignty, in practice the Islamic Republic has developed an extensive network of military influence beyond its own borders, particularly in Arab states such as Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. In Lebanon, for example, Iran helped establish Hezbollah as part of its “forward defense” strategy against Israel, enhancing the armed group’s capabilities to the point that it is the most powerful organization in the country and challenges the sovereignty of the Lebanese state. In Syria, Iran provided direct military, logistical, and political support to the massively unpopular regime of Bashar al-Assad, while keeping the country as a land bridge for its proxy network. Tehran also played an instrumental role in persuading Russian President Vladimir Putin to deploy Russian forces on Syrian soil to prop up the regime—an intervention that led to the establishment of permanent Russian military bases under long-term agreements.Despite its opposition to the American presence, Iran has actually engaged in indirect coordination with the US military at various points, including in Iraq during operations against armed groups. Iranian officials even acknowledged that this tacit cooperation with Washington helped stabilize the political situation in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Taken together, these realities raise questions about the internal consistency of Iran’s criticism of foreign military bases while it simultaneously projects military influence in ways that undermine the sovereignty of other states. Future Prospects for the American Military Presence in the GulfThe question of American military bases in the Arabian Gulf sits at the intersection of national security considerations, national sovereignty requirements, and geopolitical balance calculations. As the international political order undergoes structural changes and competition among major powers intensifies, the US military presence in the Gulf is likely to persist. However, it is expected to evolve in form and function. Future deployments are likely to rely increasingly on flexible basing arrangements, advanced military technologies, rapid-response units, and remote operational capabilities.Ultimately, the success of this security equation will remain contingent upon the ability of the US and Gulf states to strike a precise and sustainable balance between the requirements of collective security and the preservation of sovereign decision-making autonomy within an international system characterized by accelerating shifts in the balance of power and influence.Dr. Khalid Al-Jaber serves as the Executive Director of the Middle East Council on Global Affairs in Doha. A leading researcher and academic, he is widely recognized for his expertise in international relations, political communication, and the dynamics of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Source link
Israeli warplanes continued their airstrikes on southern Lebanon today, targeting several towns and areas.The Lebanese National News Agency reported that Israeli aircraft struck several towns in the south, with no casualties reported.Lebanese authorities announced yesterday that the death toll from the Israeli offensive on Lebanon since Mar. 2 has risen to 886 killed and 2,141 injured. Source link
Mourners attend the funeral of Palestinians killed in an overnight Israeli strike, according to medics, at Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis, in the southern Gaza Strip,…
A Palestinian young man was killed by live ammunition while two others were injured, in addition to another beaten, during an attack by Israeli settlers on the town of Qusra, south of Nablus, on Saturday.Medical sources reported that one man was killed and two others were injured, and a fourth was assaulted and beaten during the attack.With the death of the Palestinian young man, the number of people killed by settler gunfire and assaults in March has risen to seven.According to the Colonization and Wall Resistance Commission, settlers carried out more than 192 attacks during the two weeks of war and the prevailing regional tension.The Commission also stated that the number of people killed by settler gunfire since the beginning of 2026 has risen to eight, while the total since Oct. 7, 2023 has reached 44, amid escalating settler attacks on Palestinian villages, towns, and communities in the West Bank.The Colonization and Wall Resistance Commission indicated that these attacks were concentrated in the governorates of Hebron with 47 attacks, Tubas with 42 attacks, Nablus with 35 attacks, Bethlehem with 14 attacks, and Jerusalem with 12 attacks, in addition to others in Salfit, Jericho, and Qalqilya. Source link
Spokesman for the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), Dany Ghafary, called on all parties to de-escalate and return to a cessation of hostilities in southern Lebanon.In statements to Qatar News Agency (QNA), Ghafary said that 7,500 UNIFIL troops representing 48 countries are carrying out their duties south of the Litani River (southern Lebanon) in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701, noting the continuation of military escalation and exchanges of fire across the Blue Line since March 2.The UNIFIL spokesman explained that there have been more than 800 deaths and more than 1,900 injuries in Lebanon since the start of the latest Israeli escalation that began on March 2, pointing to the displacement of more than 800,000 people, in addition to around 120,000 people staying in shelters.He affirmed that UNIFIL forces are carrying out tasks to monitor and record violations and submit reports to the Security Council, in addition to facilitating the delivery of humanitarian assistance and protecting civilian populations.Ghafary condemned attacks targeting UNIFIL forces in southern Lebanon, adding that a shooting incident targeting the UN peacekeeping forces occurred during the recent escalation, and calling on all parties to fulfill their obligations to ensure the safety and security of peacekeepers at all times.The UNIFIL spokesman concluded his remarks to QNA by saying that, according to the Security Council decision, UNIFIL’s mandate has been renewed for a final time, with its mission ending on Dec. 31, 2026, and withdrawal beginning during 2027, stressing the force’s commitment to the Security Council resolution to carry out its duties until the end of its mandate. Source link
UN Secretary-General warns against worsening conditions, rejects repeating Gaza catastrophe in Lebanon
United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned against the risk of the situation in Lebanon worsening, due to the ongoing Israeli attacks on wide areas of the country and the accompanying deterioration in humanitarian conditions.In response to a question posed by Qatar News Agency (QNA) correspondent during a press conference in Beirut regarding an Israeli statement suggesting turning Lebanon into ‘another Gaza’, Guterres said that he has not seen the statement in question, yet he affirmed that if it truly exists, then it is totally condemned, adding that the situation in Gaza is a catastrophe, and nothing like this can be justified or accepted.The UN Secretary-General highlighted, “The Lebanese people did not choose war, but were dragged into it,” and called for a ceasefire, saying, “There is no military solution – only diplomacy, dialogue and the full implementation of the UN Charter and Security Council resolutions.”Guterres said, “We have witnessed widespread destruction in Lebanon, and there are fears that the south will turn into a wasteland and the suburbs face the risk of being bombed until they are completely destroyed.”He stressed the importance of Israel respecting Lebanon’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and noted that the Lebanese state alone should guarantee security, in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 1701.The UN Secretary-General urged the international community to intensify efforts to support Lebanon, noting that the number of victims has reached hundreds of dead and wounded.Guterres further emphasized that attacks against UN peacekeeping forces and their positions are unacceptable, constitute a violation of international law, and may amount to war crimes.He pointed out that the UN is continuing its efforts on the ground, and that peacekeeping forces remain in their positions to ensure neutrality and protect civilians while maintaining continuous contact with all concerned parties.The UN Secretary-General noted that diplomatic channels remain available, including through his Special Coordinator for Lebanon Jeanine Hennis‑Plasschaert and through key member states, in order to spare communities on both sides of the Blue Line further unnecessary suffering. Source link
The World Health Organization (WHO) has denounced the killing of 14 health workers in southern Lebanon over the past 24 hours, demanding the necessity of protecting medical personnel and health facilities at all times.In a press statement, Director-General of the WHO, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said that these losses of life represent a tragic development amid the escalating crisis in the Middle East, emphasizing the need for urgent measures to de-escalate the crisis and protect the health of people across the region.Ghebreyesus noted that these incidents highlight the ongoing attack on the healthcare system in Lebanon, which serves as a vital pillar for the population.The WHO confirmed the deaths of 12 doctors, paramedics, and nurses in an attack that occurred last night on the Burj Qalaouiyeh Primary Healthcare Center in southern Lebanon, while two paramedics were killed in attacks on a health facility.Since the situation in Lebanon worsened on March 2, amid continuing Israeli attacks on various areas, the WHO has documented 27 attacks on healthcare facilities, resulting in 30 deaths and 35 injuries.According to international humanitarian law, medical personnel and health facilities must never be attacked or militarized. Source link
Death toll from Israeli airstrikes on the city of Nabatieh in southern Lebanon has risen to seven, after a young man succumbed to his wounds sustained in an airstrike that targeted a house last night.According to Lebanon's National News Agency (NNA), shortly after midnight, Israeli warplanes destroyed a residential and commercial building on the main road between the towns of Jebchit and Abba.A residential building in the Toul area of Nabatieh was also targeted in an airstrike. This morning, the Israeli army launched a heavy and concentrated artillery bombardment of the towns of Arnoun and Yahmar al-Shaqif.Last night, the Israeli army targeted Bint Jbeil, Ainatha, Aitaroun, and the outskirts of Maroun al-Ras.Violent clashes also erupted between Lebanese and Israeli forces along the Maroun al-Ras, Bint Jbeil, and Aita al-Shaab axis, and Wadi al-Hujeir was subjected to artillery shelling.An Israeli raid hours earlier killed 12 Lebanese health workers, including doctors, paramedics and nurses, who were working at a health care center in the town of Burj Qalawiya in southern Lebanon. Source link
The death toll from the Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip has risen to 72,234 martyrs, in addition to 171,852 wounded, since October 7, 2023.The Ministry of Health in Gaza stated that the total number of martyrs and wounded who arrived at Gaza Strip hospitals in the past 48 hours, up to this morning, was 7, with 13 injuries. It noted that a number of victims remain under the rubble and in the streets, as ambulance and civil defense teams are unable to reach them.The Ministry of Health explained that since the ceasefire on October 11, the number of victims has reached 658 martyrs and 1,754 wounded, and 756 bodies have been recovered from under the rubble.The Ministry indicated that 91 martyrs have been added to the cumulative death toll, whose data has been completed and approved by the Martyrs’ Accreditation Committee since the beginning of March. Source link
An Iraqi security source revealed today that the rocket attack on the US Embassy in Baghdad resulted in the destruction of a satellite communications system.The source stated that the system was used for securing and exchanging data via satellite for diplomatic staff and employees working within the embassy compound.He explained that the US C-RAM air defense system failed to intercept the unidentified drone that carried out the attack, despite its proximity to the target, leading to a direct hit on the satellite system and its destruction.Earlier today, Iraqi security sources announced that the US Embassy in Baghdad was subjected to a rocket attack.The sources indicated that a rocket struck a helicopter landing pad within the embassy compound, located in the Green Zone, which houses diplomatic missions, international organizations, and government agencies. They also noted a plume of smoke rising above the embassy building.This attack comes after the US Central Command (CENTCOM) announced yesterday, Friday, that one of its refueling aircraft crashed in western Iraq, killing all six crew members.In a related development, the international coalition forces in the Kurdistan Region thwarted two separate drone attacks this morning in the skies over Erbil and Sulaimaniyah.A security source stated that the coalition’s air defense system intercepted a drone attempting to target Erbil International Airport and destroyed it in the air before it reached its target. Another drone was shot down over Sulaimaniyah without causing any casualties. Source link

