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What happened in Makkah on Friday was more than the signing of a defence agreement. It could mark the emergence of a new strategic equation in the Middle East, with Saudi Arabia, Turkiye and Pakistan signalling a stronger determination to shape their own security architecture. At Al-Safa Palace, following Tawaf around the Kaaba, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed a pact carrying a clear message: an attack on one partner would be treated as a threat to all. Formally, the agreement is a defence pact. Strategically, however, it could signal a significant shift in the region’s balance of power.The timing is particularly important. Saudi Arabia’s confidence in Washington as its ultimate security guarantor has increasingly been tested. Since February, Iran has targeted Saudi Arabia with missiles and through allied groups, including the Houthis in Yemen and militias in Iraq. Attacks on oil facilities and disruption around the Strait of Hormuz, through which around 20% of the world’s oil passes, have further intensified concerns over Gulf security. Against this backdrop, Riyadh has increasingly looked beyond its traditional security arrangements. Pakistan brings decades of military co-operation with Saudi Arabia and, crucially, is the only Muslim-majority nuclear-armed state. Turkiye, meanwhile, possesses the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (Nato)’s second-largest military and has emerged as an important defence partner for Riyadh. The agreement therefore carries three important strategic messages. First is deterrence. By bringing Islamabad and Ankara closer to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia is signalling that any future attack could have consequences extending well beyond its borders. Second is strategic autonomy. The pact demonstrates that Saudi Arabia is increasingly prepared to strengthen its own defence capabilities and diversify its security partnerships rather than relying exclusively on Washington. Third is symbolism. The decision to sign the agreement in Makkah gives it a significance that extends beyond conventional military co-operation, linking the alliance to the protection of Islam’s holiest sites and reinforcing its political and religious symbolism.The development could have repercussions well beyond the three signatories. A stronger Saudi-Turkish-Pakistani alignment may push Iran to deepen its strategic and military ties with China and Russia. Beijing and Moscow, in turn, could justify a greater role in the Gulf to preserve regional balance and prevent any single power from controlling vital energy routes. The result could be increased military co-operation, advanced weapons transfers, satellite capabilities and naval exercises, gradually turning the Gulf into a new arena of global strategic competition between competing power blocs. From the perspective of Henry Kissinger’s realpolitik, such a development would represent a delicate challenge for Washington. His emphasis on balance-of-power politics suggests that the United States would have an interest in neither fully embracing nor directly confronting the emerging alliance, but rather in using it as leverage for diplomacy while preventing its military dimension from escalating into a wider confrontation. Ultimately, the Makkah Agreement may not resolve the Gulf’s longstanding security dilemma. Instead, it could transform it, from a predominantly regional confrontation between Iran and Saudi Arabia into a broader strategic contest involving the US and its allies on one side, and China, Russia and Iran on the other. What appears today to be a defence agreement could therefore become an early indicator of a new strategic order taking shape in the Gulf. Source link
A defence pact between Saudi Arabia, Turkiye and Pakistan establishes a new security alliance seeking to deter a bellicose Iran, offset an unreliable US and send a message to Israel, analysts say.As the Middle East war drags on, this alliance binds three Sunni powers — all allies of the United States — with a Nato-style clause that considers any attack on one country as an attack on all.Analysts doubt this provision will be enforced immediately, however, as the trio seeks a resolution to the war, with Pakistan and Turkiye acting as intermediaries.So what does the agreement mean in practical terms?Nearly six months into the Middle East war, the US has failed to deliver a knockout blow to Iran, and Tehran continues to choke off traffic in the Strait of Hormuz while its Houthi allies disrupt shipping in the Red Sea.This reality has upended the region’s security architecture — forcing a rethink of decades of conventional wisdom rooted in US military supremacy.Despite the archipelago of US bases across the region, American forces have struggled to intercept all of the drones and ballistic missiles fired by Iran and its proxies.The new alliance shows “American deterrence has been significantly weakened and that the Iranian threat will increasingly need to be managed by regional powers”, wrote Ali Shihabi, a political analyst close to the Saudi government.Since the onset of the war, Saudi Arabia has grown closer to Turkiye, with whom it previously had fraught ties, as well as Egypt and Pakistan. The four nations have supported mediation in the conflict.”The three countries are unusually complementary,” said Andreas Krieg, a lecturer in security at King’s College London.Oil-rich Saudi Arabia has wealth “but limited indigenous military-industrial depth”, he told AFP.Turkiye and Pakistan, meanwhile, face finance constrictions, but have powerful militaries.”Turkiye has technology and manufacturing capacity but needs markets and investment. Pakistan has manpower, military institutional depth and nuclear deterrence, but needs financing and industrial opportunities,” he said.The trio cannot replace the United States, but they are bridging a gap because Washington will not “restrain Israel or insulate Gulf infrastructure from Iranian retaliation”.It is in Saudi Arabia’s interest to seek “several layers of security rather than one American umbrella”, Krieg said, with the kingdom at the centre of this new alliance.With these resources combined, the alliance packs a powerful punch, in theory at least.The trio are unlikely to attack Iran should it repeat its strikes on Saudi Arabia.Pakistan, for one, has not hit its neighbour despite signing a similar defence pact with the kingdom last year.”Turkiye and Pakistan will not fight Iran. These countries view themselves as ‘stabilisers’ and want to create a political momentum to push for that,” wrote Asli Aydintasbas, a fellow at the Brookings Institution.Hesham Alghannam, a Saudi security analyst and researcher, agreed that neither country was likely to engage offensively in the short term, but drew a distinction between what the agreement “can deliver now versus what it aspires to become”.”If proxy attacks on Saudi territory continue and escalate, I would expect Pakistan to deepen its air defence and advisory role inside the kingdom, and Turkiye to accelerate defence-industrial transfers,” he said.He added that the “pact changes the calculus for anyone considering continued strikes on Saudi infrastructure”.Saudi Arabia has grown closer to Pakistan and Turkiye as deep divisions plague the Gulf, even as it reels from repeated attacks by Iran and its allies.Saudi Arabia and the UAE were embroiled in a public rift before the war, and though they recently appeared to reconcile, the UAE is likely to be wary of the new pact, analysts say.The US has long sought to build on the Abraham Accords that saw the UAE, Bahrain and others normalise relations with Israel, pushing for a regional alliance that integrates its close ally.But the new defence pact consolidates major US allies into an alternative security architecture that rejects Israel’s hegemony, analysts said.Pakistan and Turkiye have been vocal against Israel, while Saudi Arabia has insisted it will not normalise unless Israel agrees to a path to Palestinian statehood.”Washington would have wanted a security architecture that includes Israel and they’re still keen for Saudi Arabia to normalise ties,” said HA Hellyer of the Royal United Services Institute.”This alliance doesn’t point to that in the slightest.” Related Story Source link
Two fires broke out in the vicinity of Khalifa Economic Zones Abu Dhabi (KEZAD) after UAE air defence systems intercepted a ballistic missile, according to official reports.The Emirates News Agency (WAM) said the incident left five Indian nationals injured, with injuries ranging from minor to moderate. Source link
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Multiple drone attacks targeted Kuwait International Airport on Saturday, damaging its radar system but causing no casualties, authorities said.Abdullah Al Rajhi, spokesperson for the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, said the strikes caused significant damage to the airport’s radar infrastructure.Emergency teams and relevant authorities responded immediately to assess the situation and ensure the continuity of safe operations, while efforts are underway to restore full operational readiness as quickly as possible, he added.The Directorate said it is continuing coordination with relevant authorities to take all necessary measures to safeguard the security and safety of civil aviation in Kuwait. Source link
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), affiliated with the United Nations, renewed its call today for all parties to exercise restraint and avoid any nuclear accident risks arising from escalation in the Middle East.IAEA’s official X account said that Director General Rafael Grossi called for exercising restraint to prevent any risk of a nuclear incident in the region, noting that no increase in radiation levels has been recorded outside the Shahid Rezaei-Nejad facility for raw uranium production in Iran.Earlier this week, the Israeli occupation targeted one of Iran’s largest steel plants, a power station, civilian nuclear sites, and other infrastructure. Source link
