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Nearly two months after the Strait of Hormuz was effectively sealed by regional conflict, the world is confronting the largest single disruption to energy supplies in modern history.Nearly one-fifth of the planet’s seaborne oil and a fifth of its liquefied natural gas have been cut off from global markets, according to detailed assessments by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the International Energy Agency (IEA). Before the closure in late February, roughly 20.9mn barrels per day of crude oil, condensate and petroleum products flowed through the narrow waterway — about 20% of all oil traded by sea and 25 percent of global petroleum liquids consumption — the EIA reported for the first half of 2025. An additional 20% of the world’s LNG trade, almost entirely from Qatar, passed through the same chokepoint.The result has been a net daily loss to world markets of between 16.7mn and 18.2mn barrels of oil equivalent, even after accounting for limited pipeline bypasses, the agencies’ data show. Only 3.5mn to 5.5mn barrels per day of oil can be rerouted via Saudi Arabia’s Petroline and the United Arab Emirates’ Abu Dhabi Crude Oil Pipeline. LNG, which has no meaningful alternative export route in the short term, remains almost entirely stranded.Converting the lost natural gas volumes to oil-equivalent terms adds another 1.7mn barrels of oil equivalent daily to the shortfall. Taken together, the gross daily disruption before any mitigation reached approximately 21.7mn barrels of oil equivalent. In energy terms, the net loss equates to 37–40 exajoules per year — roughly 5.5% to 6% of total global primary energy consumption.Minister of State for Energy Affairs, president and CEO of QatarEnergy HE Saad Sherida al-Kaabi delivered some of the starkest warnings in the early days of the crisis. In a Financial Times interview published in early March, he cautioned that the conflict could “bring down the economies of the world.”He predicted that if the situation persisted, “all exporters in the Gulf region will have to call force majeure,” warning that prolonged fighting would hit global GDP growth, drive energy prices sharply higher, and trigger shortages and factory shutdowns. On the ground, those warnings have materialised. Gulf oil production was shut in by 7.5mn to 9.1mn barrels per day in March and April, according to the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report. Global oil supply fell by 10.1mon barrels per day in March alone, with cumulative losses now exceeding 360mn to 440mn barrels. Qatar declared force majeure on LNG cargoes after Iranian strikes damaged facilities responsible for about 17% of the country’s LNG export capacity — equivalent to roughly 12.8mn tonnes per year and potentially offline for three to five years.The disruption dwarfs every previous oil shock. Markets have responded with volatility. Strategic stockpiles in IEA member countries and coordinated releases have cushioned the immediate blow, but analysts warn that sustained losses of this magnitude will force deep demand destruction through higher prices.Independent economic modeling cited by the IEA projects global GDP losses ranging from $330bn in a short conflict to as much as $2.2tn if the strait remains closed for an extended period.For now, the world is adapting through higher fuel costs, conservation measures and frantic searches for alternative supplies. Yet with 80% of Hormuz-bound oil traditionally destined for Asia, the pain is being felt most acutely in import-dependent economies from Japan to India.Energy experts, including al-Kaabi, caution that the full economic and geopolitical fallout is still unfolding. The closure has exposed the fragility of global energy trade in ways few imagined possible in the 21st century.As one veteran oil-market analyst put it: “We have just witnessed the largest forced reordering of world energy flows since the Suez Canal crisis of 1956 — except this time the stakes are measured in millions of barrels every single day.”The coming weeks will determine whether the world can absorb the shock or whether the energy crisis of 2026 becomes the defining economic event of the decade. Related Story Source link
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Why it matters: Some 20 per cent of the world’s gas and oil supplies pass through the Strait…
The army in junta-ruled Mali battled Saturday what it called “terrorist groups” that launched surprise attacks around the capital Bamako and other parts of the west African nation.A UN security note reported “simultaneous complex attacks” in Kati and near the airport in the capital Bamako, as well as in cities and towns further north in the West African, gold-producing country, including Mopti, Gao and Kidal.”There’s gunfire everywhere,” a witness in the central town of Sevare said as the US embassy urged its citizens to shelter in place and Britons were advised against travel to Mali.South of Bamako, people attempting to access the airport found themselves almost inside the combat zone, with heavy gunfire nearby and helicopters overhead, one passenger said.Two explosions and sustained gunfire were heard shortly before 6am (0600 GMT) near the main military base Kati, north of Bamako, and shots were still ringing out there more than four hours later, a Reuters witness and two residents said.Helicopters buzzed over Bamako and around the international airport and fighting was reported at a nearby military base in what is one of the most complex attacks the military has faced since seizing power.Witnesses reported intense fighting in a town near the capital where junta leader General Assimi Goita lives and other key cities in the nation, which has been stricken by more than a decade of religious militant conflict.Tuareg rebels in the Azawad Liberation Front (FLA) coalition said they had seized the northern city of Kidal.The Malian junta, which seized power in coups in 2020 and 2021, has labelled the FLA a “terrorist” group.A Malian army statement said that “terrorist groups, not yet identified, early this morning targeted certain points and barracks in the capital and the interior” of the country.”We call on the population to be vigilant. Our defence and security forces are engaged in annihilating the attackers,” the statement added.The fighting, which started at dawn, was still going Saturday afternoon on the outskirts of Bamako and in several other cities, particularly Kidal.African Union (AU) chair Mahmoud Ali Youssouf denounced the violence, which risks “exposing civilian populations to significant harm”.Fighting was reported around Bamako, at Gao and Kidal in the north, as well as in the central city of Sevare.Heavy gunfire could be heard in the Bamako suburb of Kati, where Goita has his residence.As shooting and helicopters flew over Bamako, an army statement said that “the situation is under control”, adding that “several terrorists have been neutralised and equipment destroyed”.One resident said religious militants had taken a military camp in the Samakebougou neighbourhood of Kati and that there was “heavy” fighting.The junta chief’s whereabouts were unknown.There was also intense speculation over Defence Minister General Sadio Camara after residents said a powerful blast had destroyed most of his home in Kati.Camara’s entourage insisted that he was not present at the time and was “safe”.The streets of the capital were deserted amid sporadic firing, an AFP correspondent reported.The Tuareg FLA said in a Facebook statement: “The city of Kidal has come under the control of our armed forces.”An FLA spokesman, Mohamed Elmaouloud Ramadane, told AFP: “Our FLA troops control Kidal, most of Kidal.”The governor of Kidal has taken refuge with his men in the former camp of MINUSMA,” he added, referring to the former UN mission in Mali.The spokesman posted a photo on Facebook he said was a military camp in Kidal that had been occupied by “Russian mercenaries” and the Malian army.Mali’s junta is locked in struggles with both the FLA and religious militant groups.Observers say the Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (JNIM), an Al Qaeda-linked group, has recently been seeking to join forces with the FLA.Russia’s mercenary Wagner Group, which had been helping Malian forces fight religious militants since 2021, ended its involvement in June 2025.It has since become the Africa Corps, an organisation under the direct control of the Russian defence ministry.Since September, the JNIM has been attacking fuel tanker convoys heading for the capital, bringing Bamako to a standstill at the height of the crisis last October.Mali has resources including gold and other valuable minerals.However, since 2012, it has been grappling with a security crisis over attacks by religious militant groups affiliated with Al Qaeda and the Islamic State group and community-based criminal groups and separatists.The military used the crisis to justify its takeover.The government, like its military counterparts in neighbouring Niger and Burkina Faso, has severed ties with former colonial ruler France and several Western countries, moving closer politically and militarily to Russia.The junta had pledged to hand over power to civilians by March 2024, but in July 2025 granted Goita a five-year presidential term, renewable “as many times as necessary” and without an election.Thousands of people have died in attacks in Mali since the religious militant turmoil erupted.Tens of thousands of Malians have sought refuge in neighbouring countries in recent years.Saturday’s attacks signal a potential escalation in the insurgency.”This looks like the biggest co-ordinated attack for years,” said Ulf Laessing, head of the Sahel programme at Germany’s Konrad Adenauer Foundation.Heni Nsaibia, senior West Africa analyst at Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project, highlighted the significance of Saturday’s targets, including Kati and Bamako which lie “at the heart of the regime” and Kidal, the site of a symbolic military victory in 2023 that has been central to the government’s “narrative of regaining territorial control”. 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