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US President Donald Trump had no time for lengthy tariff investigations when he returned to office last year, wanting to hammer trading partners right away to wring concessions.What followed was a chaotic start to a trade agenda that was eventually upended by a stinging Supreme Court defeat this year. Now he and his team are moving into a new phase to build a more durable US tariff wall using more traditional and court-tested trade laws, those he had little patience for 18 months ago.His latest global tariff salvo — duties of 10% or 12.5% on 60 countries over allegedly weak enforcement of forced-labour bans — marks the first of numerous tariff actions to be unveiled in the months ahead. They include probes into excess industrial capacity, alleged intellectual property theft by Vietnam, and national security protections for strategic industries from semiconductors to robotics and industrial machinery.’We're at the end of the beginning of the Trump tariff agenda,’ said Dan Ujczo, associate general counsel at Canadian oil producer Cenovus Energy, who specialises in US-Canada trade. ‘Within the next few weeks, and certainly by the end of the summer, we will see large parts of President Trump's trade policy fully in effect.’ This could bring more clarity and certainty for businesses on Trump's ultimate tariff structure, along with dread in foreign trade ministries that they may have to cough up more concessions to protect access to a $3.4tn US import market.Trump's new anti-forced labour duties imposed under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, the unfair trade practices statute used against China during his first term, almost directly replace a global 10% temporary tariff that expired on Friday. They cover 99.4% of US imports, the US Trade Representative's office said.This rebuilds part of Trump's signature ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs of 10%-50% on nearly every country, which the US Supreme Court struck down as illegal under an untested national emergencies law Trump used to impose them. Another part of the baseline tariffs is likely to be rebuilt by another Section 301 investigation into excess industrial capacity, targeting 16 big trading partners, including China, the EU, Japan, South Korea, Mexico and Vietnam. That ongoing probe targets industrial subsidies and other export-focused policies.Amid a wider uproar over Trump's move, some viewed it as largely maintaining the status quo.Mark Bissell, CEO of Michigan-based vacuum maker Bissell Inc, said the newest tariffs were largely what the company anticipated and it hadn’t frontloaded inventory from China and elsewhere to try to beat them.’We continued to run the business based on the belief that the tariffs would stay in the 10-15% range,’ Bissell said in an email to Reuters.Trump's gamble on quick but untested tariffs right out of the gate did four things. It heaped added costs onto retailers and other import-dependent industries; it brought dozens of trading partners to the negotiating table, yielding concessions for lower rates; it prompted swift retaliation and tariff escalation from China that led to a delicate truce; and it filled US fiscal coffers with hundreds of billions of dollars. The Liberation Day tariffs alone yielded $166bn in revenue, a major offset to a growing federal deficit, but refunds to importers have now turned those collections negative. The 150-day temporary tariffs, based on a law meant to quell balance-of-payments crises, have added $31 bn in assessed revenue through July 5. But if a federal court ruling against them stands, that money, too, is subject to refund.With US public debt approaching $40tn, Josh Lipsky, chair of international economics at the Atlantic Council, said subsequent administrations may become addicted to tariff revenue that is likely to be sustained.’The tariff wall is being rebuilt strong brick by strong brick, and it's very durable,’ Lipsky said. Trump's broad use of Section 301 in the forced-labour case prompted an immediate legal challenge by small businesses, but trade and legal experts say this will take time to play out. The statute has a solid track record in the courts, and judges may be reluctant to enjoin actions aimed at curbing forced labour and lowering barriers to US goods.US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer made clear this week that Trump will use everything at his disposal to erect tariffs to reshore production and shrink the trade deficit.’The specific authorities this administration is using have changed, but the trade strategy has not,’ Greer told the US Senate Finance Committee.Greer, who has not committed to a timeline for the industrial capacity investigations, has said the layers of tariffs being rebuilt will not exceed caps included in deals he has been negotiating, including 15% for the EU, Japan and South Korea and higher rates for Southeast Asian countries.Administration officials say even though China is viewed as the world's largest source of excess manufacturing, its rates will not exceed the cap of about 20% agreed by Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping last November, which is on top of the 25% tariffs from his first term.Some nominal — or announced — duties may be higher than actual applied rates, which analysts say may be an enforcement mechanism for countries to stick to agreed trade deal terms.Still, some things continue to come out of the blue, including the 50% duties on Canadian beer, dairy, hockey sticks and other products Trump announced on Monday over Ottawa's refusal to make trade concessions, and his threat to cut off all trade with Spain over not meeting Nato military spending targets.That proclivity for spontaneous tariff announcements remains an ongoing risk, said Eswar Prasad, a trade professor at Cornell University and former head of the International Monetary Fund's China department. ‘Trump’s eagerness to impose tariffs to address a whole range of grievances will not only continue disrupting the global trading system but will have significant adverse effects on American households and businesses.’ Source link
Unesco has added six centuries-old medinas in the Comoros – once historic sultanates along Indian Ocean trading routes – to its World Heritage List, raising hopes for their preservation.The ancient cities of palaces, mosques, public squares and narrow streets, some dating back to the 12th century, are still occupied today, even though many structures are in serious disrepair.”This listing is not a finish line but a starting point,” said Comoros Culture Minister Said Mohamed Ali Said, part of a government delegation that travelled to Unesco’s meeting in Busan, South Korea, for the announcement Saturday.It was a moment of “immense national pride”, he told AFP.The medinas are the first sites from the Comoros archipelago to join the Unesco list, which counts more than 1,200 properties around the world considered to have “outstanding universal value” worth protection. Men perform a traditional dance during a ceremony as part of the grand marriage tradition, at Badjanani square in Moroni’s historic medina. AFP They “are not just historical sites for us: they are living towns, where people still pray, trade, and celebrate life’s great moments exactly as our ancestors did”, the minister said.”This heritage is fragile and, in places, in real danger,” he said. “The listing changes things: it places obligations on us, but it also opens doors for us.”The Islamic country, about 300km (200 miles) off the coast of Africa and home today to around 870,000 people, was for centuries a crossroads of maritime trade between east Africa, the Middle East and Madagascar.”We were globalisation before its time,” Comoros President Azali Assoumani declared in Busan, insisting that the archipelago “has long been” an “active crossroads, a place of exchange, knowledge, and refined governance”.Four of the inscribed medinas are on the main island of Grande Comore and two on the smaller island of Anjouan.The 14th-century medina in the capital Moroni includes the emblematic Friday Mosque with its green minaret across from the dhow port.It is surrounded by paved alleyways and multi-storey houses, some with heavy, carved doors. A…
India’s Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan quit yesterday after days of sustained public protests demanding his resignation for examination paper leaks in May that affected about 2mn students.Here is a look at what sparked the protests and the situation now: Why did protesters want Pradhan to quit?The immediate trigger for the demonstrations was the cancellation of the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET), India’s undergraduate medical school entrance exam, after its question papers were found to have been leaked.About 2mn students across India took the exam on May 3, but it was later scrapped, with more than a dozen student suicides linked to its cancellation. A re-test was held in June. Why is NEET important?The exam is the sole gateway to undergraduate medical courses across India, and millions of aspirants sit for it every year, competing for fewer than 150,000 seats, making it one of India’s toughest entrance exams.The situation is also symptomatic of broader strains on the country’s higher education system, where grossly limited spots leave millions cramming for months, or even years, and high-stakes entrance exams leave many of them burnt out and in debt. Have test papers been leaked before?Exam question paper leaks are fairly common in India, and the NEET questions themselves were similarly leaked in some places in 2024, although a re-test was not ordered at the time.Other examination papers have also been leaked in the South Asian nation of 1.4 bn people, including those for recruitment of police constables and teachers. Why is this leak different?The exam leak this year coincided with the birth of the self-named Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) satire movement, which appears to have channelled the frustration of the youth into the current protests.Analysts say the group, which amassed millions of Instagram followers within days of being created in mid-May, tapped into the concerns of under-30s — who make up more than half the country’s population — which include high youth unemployment and the latest exam paper leak. How did the government respond initially?Pradhan had said the government was committed to addressing the concerns of the youth and promised exam reforms, while Modi himself vowed to punish those behind the leaks.The government also proposed amending laws to allow imposing heavy fines and jail terms for culprits after they are tried in special courts created for the purpose. The protesters were, however, not impressed and insisted Pradhan should quit first. What is the situation now?Celebrations erupted yesterday at the Jantar Mantar protest site in central Delhi where the protesters have been camping for more than a month. But the founder of CJP said the government needs to fulfil two more of the protesters’ demands before the demonstration can end: compensate families of students who died by suicide due to the NEET paper leaks, and act against police officers accused of cracking down on protesters who marched on parliament on Monday. Source link
India’s Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan resigned on Saturday after mass youth-led protests demanded his ouster in anger over a string of irregularities in potentially life-changing exams. “I have sent my resignation letter to the prime minister,” Pradhan said in a statement posted on social media platform X. The social media-driven Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) spearheaded student protests that broke out in response to exam paper leaks, and is seeking systemic reforms in the education system. Demonstrations at the Jantar Mantar protest site in the centre of New Delhi intensified during the week and began spreading to other parts of the country.Police fired tear gas and charged with batons at protesters as they tried to march to parliament this week. The government held two rounds of talks with CJP leaders on Monday and Friday but little headway was made, with the youth-led movement sticking to their demands ahead of another proposed meeting on Saturday. Pradhan announced his resignation before that much-anticipated third round of talks. “I am pained to see the events of the past 10 days. This is not a matter of personal prestige for me,” he said in his letter in Hindi.”India’s youth power is the real strength of this nation. My resolve is that we will not let the country’s youth get trapped in a vicious cycle of confusion.”Protesters erupted in joy after Pradhan’s announcement. “We have done it,” CJP founder Abhijeet Dipke said to a thunderous response by hundreds of protesters. The movement has evolved to include concerns over unemployment, opportunities for young people and what critics brand as Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s increasingly authoritarian style of governance. The protests became one of the biggest challenges to Hindu nationalist Modi’s administration since his 2024 re-election. The protesters’ other demands include compensation for those affected by examination irregularities and for legal cases against protesters to be dropped, according to CJP spokesman Ashutosh Ranka. Related Story Source link
Pakistan is exploring a path towards a resumption of stalled US-Iran talks over ending their nearly five-month-old war, three Pakistani sources said, following a push initiated by China.Exploratory discussions took place during a visit by Iran’s Interior Minister Eskandar Momeni to Islamabad this week – his second within the last 10 days, the sources said.Momeni, who is considered close to Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps, met with Pakistani government leaders and army chief Asim Munir this week, according to Pakistani government statements.All three sources cautioned that the obstacles to any talks with the US remain high.Pakistan has found itself in an increasingly complicated situation as a potential future mediator.Earlier this week, Yemen’s Iran-backed Houthi movement declared a naval blockade against Saudi Arabia, a close ally of Islamabad that signed a mutual defence treaty with Pakistan last year.On Thursday the Houthis said they struck two Saudi oil tankers as part of their naval blockade, threatening to create a second chokepoint for global oil supplies alongside the near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz.Pakistan relies on Saudi financial support, and Islamabad has firmly condemned recent Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia.However, Islamabad is similarly dependent on Beijing, which has also been a key financial backer of Islamabad, and which has economic interests in finding a diplomatic solution to reopening key Middle Eastern trade routes.Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar also discussed the new Middle East effort with Chinese officials when he visited China last week, all three Pakistani sources said.They spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorised to discuss the issue publicly.”The Chinese are unhappy because Iran’s attacks on other Gulf states and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz are hitting their interests,” a Pakistani government official said.Disruptions in the Red Sea would hit another key trade route Beijing relies on.Dar and the Pakistani military’s public relations wing did not respond to requests for comment.In a statement, China’s foreign ministry said that “China supports the mediation efforts made by Pakistan and other parties”.It added that China will continue to “play an active role in restoring peace and tranquillity in the Middle East Gulf region as soon as possible”.Beijing is Iran’s largest trading partner and primary buyer of its exported crude oil despite international sanctions on Tehran, benefiting from a steep discount on the energy source.A Houthi spokesman said yesterday that the rebels were not blocking traffic through the strategic Bab al-Mandeb Strait.”There is no closure of Bab al-Mandab as some are suggesting,” said Mohammed Abdusalam, who is also a top Houthi negotiator, adding that the rebel position was “limited to a maritime blockade that only affects the Saudi side”.The rebels warned in a radio message to ships on Monday that they would target ships “belonging to (the) Saudi enemy” that do not comply with their blockade.According to data analysed by AFP on Wednesday, nine ships made a U-turn after the rebels announced their naval blockade, though some have resumed course.Despite the Houthi threats and course changes, traffic continues in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, which has been key to Saudi exports after passage through Hormuz became fraught.After the Middle East war broke out, Saudi seaborne crude exports via the Bab el-Mandeb strait surged eightfold between March and mid-July 2026 compared with the same period in 2025, according to data from maritime tracker Kpler.The US and Iran signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) in June to move towards ending the war after mediation by Pakistan and Qatar.It was intended to provide a 60-day window for negotiations on a permanent agreement.However, indirect talks yielded no progress.Both sides blamed each other for violations, and the conflict resumed.The escalation has raised both the stakes and the hurdles for Pakistan’s latest diplomatic efforts.A halt in attacks on Saudi Arabia and other Gulf nations would now be a “pre-requisite for any talks to resume,” said a Pakistani official.It’s a message that Pakistan has conveyed to Iran, the official added. Source link
US missiles struck targets yesterday across Iran, reaching as far as its Caspian coast, after President Donald Trump vowed “major military punishment” for Tehran and its Houthi allies in Yemen for extending the Middle East war to a second major shipping chokepoint, the mouth of the Red Sea.Two weeks after the collapse of an interim truce meant to end the war, the Iranian armed forces responded by firing at US bases in neighbouring Arab countries and warning people there that they may strike non-military buildings used by US personnel.The Houthis, who control northern and western Yemen, have announced a naval blockade on Saudi Arabia, which has diverted millions of barrels of oil each day by pipeline to the Red Sea to skirt Iran’s near-total blockade of the Strait of Hormuz.The entrance to the Gulf has so far been the focus of a war that has killed thousands in almost five months, stoked global inflation and fanned fears of an economic downturn.The Houthi fighters struck two Saudi tankers on Thursday in the Red Sea’s Bab el-Mandeb strait, boosting oil prices 7% to top $100 per barrel for the first time since May.The attacks forced several other tankers to turn around and head north through the Suez Canal, potentially using a much longer and more expensive route to reach Asia by sailing around Africa.Shipping insurance costs through the southern Red Sea doubled for some companies on Thursday, sources said.Still, half of the 18 ships exiting Bab el-Mandeb on Thursday were carrying crude oil, including two Chinese supertankers.The number of tankers crossing through the Strait of Hormuz fell to just one on Thursday, the lowest since May 7.Trump wrote on social media that he would hold Iran accountable for any further attacks by Yemeni fighters, “and major military punishment will be inflicted upon Iran and, of course, the Houthis, themselves”.He told Axios that he was considering re-launching major combat against Iran.”They haven’t received enough pain yet,” the U.S. news outlet quoted him as saying.Iranian state media said that missiles had struck Qeshm Island on the Strait of Hormuz.In an example of how shipping disruptions from the war affect other nations, Coca-Cola has raised prices in India of Diet Coke – which is sold there mostly in aluminium cans – by more than 10% as the conflict chokes its supply chain, sources said.The Iranian army said it had attacked US military equipment depots at Al-Adiri, officially named Camp Buehring, in northern Kuwait, and the positions of US troops at Camp Arifjan and at Camp Doha, near Kuwait City.Iran’s Revolutionary Guards said they had significantly damaged a surveillance tower used by the US Fifth Fleet in Bahrain.They also said they targeted a data centre in Bahrain belonging to Amazon, according to state media, though neither the US tech giant nor Bahrain have commented on the claim.An AFP journalist in Bahrain reported an explosion and the sounding of warning sirens yesterday, though it was not immediately clear if the two events were linked.The Revolutionary Guards also said they had attacked a US barracks and fighter jets in Jordan, and a US barracks and spy balloon as well as Patriot air defences in Erbil in Iraq’s Kurdish region, according to the semi-official Tasnim news agency.Jordan’s army said it had downed seven Iranian missiles and six drones, state TV reported, and that the attack had caused no material damage or casualties.There was no immediate comment from US Central Command (Centcom).US missiles struck a Revolutionary Guards Navy headquarters in the Ziba Kenar area of the Caspian Sea province of Gilan, according to a security official in Gilan quoted by Iranian media.Provincial authorities said US projectiles had also struck the port city of Bandar Anzali, according to the ILNA news agency.Four people were killed and five injured in a US attack on the Iranian city of Ahvaz, the state broadcaster IRIB said.In a statement carried by Iran’s Fars news agency, the Revolutionary Guards warned the populations of Gulf countries of potential strikes against US military personnel who may be using “buildings in cities as locations to direct their crimes”.It told people to “immediately move away from areas within a 500m radius of covert and hidden locations used by US military personnel”.Since the US and Israel began the war in February, Iran has demonstrated that it can hit US targets in the region, despite Trump having said that the US had wiped out its military capabilities.Four people familiar with US intelligence said Iranian strikes on Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) targets in the Gulf earlier in the war had prompted US intelligence to investigate whether Russia was assisting Iran with targeting information or drone technology.The Kremlin on Thursday declined to comment on the report. Source link
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia and President Donald Trump at the White House in Washington, DC. (AFP) A deal between the United States and Saudi Arabia to equip the kingdom with a civilian nuclear programme has provoked a flood of questions about the risks of nuclear proliferation.Although the text has not been made public, US media has reported the agreement would allow Washington to export technology without the usual safeguards preventing future military use.Bilateral co-operation agreements signed by the United States are generally subject to safeguards against proliferation, sometimes obliging the partner country not to enrich uranium domestically.In Riyadh’s case, this does not seem to be the case, although the deal has yet to be approved by Congress and there is no word from Saudi Arabia on US President Donald Trump’s announcement that he would condition the agreement on Riyadh normalising ties with Israel.Trump said Thursday there would be “no enrichment of material” in Saudi Arabia after the Wall Street Journal reported a provision that could allow US companies to build an enrichment facility there.“If Riyadh had wanted to just have US backing for a civilian programme, it would have done so years ago… the goal is to get US support for a deal that doesn’t fully exclude a pathway” to a weapons programme, analyst Michael Horowitz wrote, in a post on X.US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has stressed there are safeguards against proliferation.“This is destabilising… because it sends a message of an American double standard,” Heloise Fayet, a specialist at French research centre IFRI told AFP.This potential double standard points most obviously at Iran, which the US and Israel attacked at the end of February, in part citing the goal of preventing Tehran from obtaining nuclear weapons.Iran has long denied seeking a weapon and defended its right to enrich uranium for nuclear energy.Washington “can hardly emphasise its desire to maintain a nuclear counter-proliferation policy on the one hand and, on the other, accept such a deal with the Saudis,” David Khalfa, a Middle East specialist at the Paris-based Jean-Jaures Foundation think tank, told AFP.“Saudi Arabia is not supposed to be an exception” otherwise “the entire security architecture built since 1945 collapses,” he said.For Fayet, the US is sacrificing its non-proliferation role “on the altar of profitability and a good Saudi-American relationship”.“This appears to be a way for the United States to seek forgiveness” for the impact of its war with Iran, which has led to reprisals against Gulf states.For Rosemary Kelanic of the Washington-based think tank Defense Priorities, writing on X, potentially giving Saudi Arabia enrichment capabilities means giving them “huge leverage to extract US security guarantees down the road by threatening to obtain nuclear weapons”.But some observers see these concerns being trumped by America’s ambition to counter Chinese influence. “The credibility of the US security umbrella has weakened” since the war against Iran, and the Gulf monarchies are diversifying their partnerships, Trita Parsi of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, a US think tank, wrote on Substack.“Washington had to offer substantially more to try to keep Saudi from drifting further toward China, while getting substantially less in return.” Source link
People gather in solidarity with Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) protests held at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi, which demand the resignation of India’s Education Minister Dharmendra…
Britain said its armed forces were ready to protect the country from any attack after Iran's Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) issued a warning not to allow US bombers to fly from UK bases.In a statement on Thursday, the IRGC said the US had flown bombing missions against Iran from Fairford in southwest England, adding that any base used to launch such attacks would be a legitimate target.The new British prime minister, Andy Burnham, was notified last week that London had re-committed to an existing agreement allowing the US to use British bases for what it described as the collective self-defence of the region.’Our armed forces are ready to keep the United Kingdom safe from any kind of attacks, whether it's on our soil or from abroad,’ a government spokesperson said.’This includes through operating a layered approach to air and missile defence, provided by Royal Navy, British Army and Royal Air Force assets equipped with a range of advanced capabilities, working closely with our Nato allies.’BRITAIN AGREES TO SUPPORT US DEFENSIVE OPERATIONSThe government said on Wednesday that the existing arrangement covered US defensive operations to degrade missile sites and capabilities used to attack ships in the Strait of Hormuz.In response to Iran's warning, the spokesperson said Britain's approach remained unchanged and that it was committed to defending its people, interests and allies in accordance with international law while avoiding being drawn into a wider conflict.The US carried out a 13th consecutive night of attacks on Iran following the effective collapse of an interim truce, and Tehran fired at US bases in neighbouring Arab countries.In March, Iran was reported to have fired two ballistic missiles at the US-UK military base on Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean, neither hitting the target.An Iranian-type Shahed drone caused slight damage on March 2 when it hit facilities at Britain's Akrotiri airbase in southern Cyprus. Britain later said the site would not be included in the defensive agreement with the US.Experts say Iran might possess a missile able to strike London, but it was likely to be inaccurate and the risk was low.Britain has long accused Iran of carrying out cyberattacks and using criminal gangs and proxies to target opponents and dissidents in the UK. The security services said there had been 20 potentially lethal Iranian-backed plots in the last year.Britain this month banned support for the IRGC by using new powers brought in to address what it said was a growing use of state-sponsored proxies.It also followed a spate of attacks on Jewish sites in London. The government said the IRGC had ‘almost certainly’ directed a group believed to be responsible for a number of these.Two Romanian nationals, who prosecutors said had been acting for Iran, were jailed this month for stabbing a journalist working for a Farsi-language media group in London.Tehran has always denied involvement in such attacks, calling allegations to the contrary unfounded and politically motivated. Source link
An analysis of rare earth-rich mud retrieved from the deep seabed off a remote Pacific Island earlier this year found medium and heavy rare earth elements accounted for about 54% of the total rare earth content, Japan's government said yesterday.But it did not disclose the size of the content or the deposits, saying the data was insufficient due to the limited duration and geographic scope of sampling.The Japanese scientific drilling vessel, Chikyu, completed a month-long mission in February near Minamitori Island, about 1,900km (1,200 miles) southeast of Tokyo, marking the world's first successful attempt to continuously lift rare-earth-bearing seabed mud from depths of around 6km (4 miles).The project comes as Japan seeks to diversify critical mineral supplies amid tightening Chinese export controls on heavy rare earths and related magnets, which are crucial for the defence and automotive industries.About 50 metric tons of mud were recovered. The analysis identified yttrium, used in aerospace, energy and semiconductor applications; gadolinium, used in magnetic resonance imaging and other high-tech applications; and dysprosium, used in high-performance magnets for electric vehicles, according to the Cabinet Office's national platform for innovative ocean development.Japan plans a month-long large-scale mining trial in the same waters from February 2027, aiming to dredge 350 tons of mud a day. The material will be dewatered at Minamitori Island and will be processed on the mainland to test separation, refining and smelting technologies.The trial is expected to verify the feasibility of domestic rare earth production, with a comprehensive assessment of industrialisation prospects due by March 2028, said Kazushige Kikuchi, project manager at the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, which operates the Chikyu.Beijing imposed export controls on some heavy rare earths and related magnets in April 2025 and tightened restrictions on exports to Japan in January, and twice again the following month, targeting major conglomerates. Source link
